While the use of uncontrolled rectifier circuits remains prominent, for some applications, more control and efficiency is necessary. This can be accomplished through the use of a controlled rectifier circuit in which thyristors connected in a full-bridge configuration adjust the average voltage. Each thyristor has a gate that controls when it turns on. With control circuitry these devices can be o...

What is 3-Phase Power? Unlike single-phase, 3-phase power produces three separate wave currents so there is no temporary absence of power. 3-Phase power delivers power at a steady, constant rate and can reach higher voltage levels up to 480V in the USA. This steady stream of power and ability to handle higher loads makes a 3-phase supply ideal for industrial and commercial operations. More Waves. ...

Single-Phase vs 3-Phase Power Protection: What You Need to Know Power is power, right? Well not exactly. It’s true that most of the electrical power we use is alternating current (AC) power generated by utility companies. In fact, AC power is used to deliver the vast majority of the power to our homes and businesses. But AC power can be delivered in many ways, the two most common being single-phas...

Generally speaking, the advertised modular UPS has the following advantages: Easy to use, easy to install and expand High availability and easy maintenance Expansion on demand, saving initial investment Module hibernation improves efficiency and saves operating costs Intelligent network managem...

In recent years, with the rapid development of big data, cloud computing and other technologies, the traditional data center system is also changing rapidly. As a key component of the data center power supply and distribution system, the UPS industry is also changing. Modular UPS technology is becoming more and more mature, and more and more users have or are considering using modular UPS to build...

AC Power Systems have plenty more units, terms, measurements, interesting waveforms and math to describe their behavior. Any formulas presented here are for reference and validation only. The intension of this paperis convey the concept without having to seriously crunch numbers. All the terms and formulas interweave so itis difficult to create a flow of one topic to another without skipping aroun...

Input capacitors used for filtering purpose cause pure apparent power to flow between the supply and the UPS. Such power is referred to as leading or capacitive power. Gensets can manage limited amount of pure leading power, as it interferes with the excitation circuit in the AC generator, leading to voltage oscillations and genset’s shutdown. Safe operating area charts show the allowed gensets’ l...

As a rule of thumb, a genset continuous power rating should not be less than 1.5 times the UPS nominal power. The oversizing factor accounts for UPS efficiency, typically 96%, UPS power factor, typically 0.99, input harmonic distortion, typically 3% and adds up a power safety margin to prevent load steps from triggering a non-stable response in the genset’s output voltage. As mentioned above, thou...

UPS and generators should be best friends, smoothly cooperating to improve site’s resiliency. Often this might not be the case, due to mutual misunderstandings and lack of information. This article is a comprehensive guide and essential knowledge base about UPS input performance and its impact on generators’ operation. The UPS point of view： In real operation, whenever a mains failure occurs, the ...